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Perimeter of polygons

Learning goals

  • Finds a polygon’s perimeter by adding its side lengths.
  • Selects the relevant boundary lengths or formula.
  • Expresses perimeter in units of length.
  • Solves for missing dimensions when enough information is provided.

Click problems to add them to your worksheet.

Perimeter of polygons 1
Use the labeled side lengths in quadrilateral \(ABCD\) to find its perimeter.
Figure for problem 537229

Hints

- Read each side length from the diagram. - Perimeter is the total distance around the outside edge. - Add all four side lengths once.

Solution

1. The four side lengths are \(5\,\text{cm}\), \(4\,\text{cm}\), \(4\,\text{cm}\), and \(5\,\text{cm}\). 2. Add all four side lengths: \(5 + 4 + 4 + 5 = 18\). 3. The perimeter is \(18\,\text{cm}\).

Answer

The perimeter of the quadrilateral is \(18\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 2
A coaster has \(8\) equal sides. Each side is \(3\,\text{cm}\) long. What is the perimeter of the coaster?

Hints

- Perimeter is the distance around the edge. - Count how many equal side lengths are included. - Use the repeated length to find the whole distance.

Solution

1. The perimeter includes all \(8\) equal sides. 2. Multiply: \(8\times3=24\) centimeters.

Answer

\(24\,\text{cm}\)
Perimeter of polygons 3
Each grid edge on the geoboard is \(1\) inch long. How many inches would a string need to go exactly once around the shape's outside edge?
Figure for problem 558633

Hints

- Follow only the outside boundary. - Count unit edges, not squares inside the shape.

Solution

1. The four outer sides have lengths \(3,2,3,2\) inches. 2. Add around the edge: \(3+2+3+2=10\) inches.

Answer

\(10\,\text{in}\)
Perimeter of polygons 4
Sam wants to put ribbon around a poster. Should he measure in inches or square inches? Explain.

Hints

- Imagine laying the ribbon on the poster. Where would it touch? - Compare measuring the ribbon with covering the poster in small squares.

Solution

1. Ribbon goes along the poster's edge, a distance. 2. Distance around a shape uses length units, such as inches.

Answer

Inches, because ribbon covers the length around the edge.
Perimeter of polygons 5
A triangular sign has sides \(2\), \(3\), and \(4\) feet long. What is the distance around the sign?

Hints

- Follow each of the triangle's three sides once. - Add the side lengths, not the corners.

Solution

1. Perimeter is the total length of all the outside sides. 2. Add the three lengths: \(2+3+4=9\) feet.

Answer

\(9\,\text{ft}\)
Perimeter of polygons 6
Each grid edge on the geoboard is \(1\) unit long. What is the length all the way around the outlined shape?
Figure for problem 558636

Hints

- Trace the outline from one corner until you get back to where you started. - How many one-unit edges did you trace?

Solution

1. Follow the boundary through six segments with lengths \(3,1,2,2,1,3\). 2. Add them: \(3+1+2+2+1+3=12\) units.

Answer

\(12\) units
Perimeter of polygons 7
A rectangular playground measures \(6\) yards by \(4\) yards. Juan adds \(6+4=10\) yards and calls that its perimeter. What two sides did he leave out, and what is the correct perimeter?

Hints

- Draw a rectangle and write Juan's numbers on the sides he used. - Trace the whole outside edge. Does his sum follow every part of it?

Solution

1. Juan counted only one \(6\)-yard side and one \(4\)-yard side. 2. He also needs the opposite \(6\)-yard and \(4\)-yard sides. 3. The full perimeter is \(6+4+6+4=20\) yards.

Answer

He missed another \(6\)-yard side and another \(4\)-yard side. The perimeter is \(20\,\text{yd}\).
Perimeter of polygons 8
Figures A, B, and C are shown on a geoboard. Find the perimeter of each figure in units. The horizontal or vertical distance between neighboring pegs is \(1\) unit. Which figure has the greatest perimeter, and what is that perimeter?
Figure for problem 531793

Hints

- Trace the entire outside boundary of each figure. - Count each horizontal or vertical step between neighboring pegs as \(1\) unit. - Add the boundary lengths, then compare the totals.

Solution

1. The perimeter of Figure A is \(4 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 14\) units. 2. The perimeter of Figure B is \(1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 12\) units. 3. The perimeter of Figure C is \(3 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 = 12\) units. 4. Figure A has the greatest perimeter.

Answer

Figure A: \(14\) units Figure B: \(12\) units Figure C: \(12\) units Figure A has the greatest perimeter, \(14\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 9
Lucas made two figures on a geoboard. The distance between neighboring pegs is \(1\) unit. Find the perimeter of each figure in units. Which figure has the greater perimeter?
Figure for problem 535354

Hints

- Perimeter is the distance around the outside of a figure. - Count the unit-length segments between pegs along each boundary. - Add all the boundary lengths before comparing.

Solution

1. Figure a) is a rectangle with side lengths \(3\) units and \(2\) units. Its perimeter is \(3 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 10\) units. 2. Tracing Figure b) gives side lengths \(2\), \(1\), \(1\), \(1\), \(1\), and \(2\) units. Its perimeter is \(2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 8\) units. 3. Since \(10 > 8\), Figure a) has the greater perimeter.

Answer

Figure a) has a perimeter of \(10\) units. Figure b) has a perimeter of \(8\) units. Figure a) has the greater perimeter.
Perimeter of polygons 10
A four-step figure is shown on a geoboard. a) How many unit squares cover the figure? b) Find the perimeter in units.
Figure for problem 535375

Hints

- Add the number of unit squares in each column. - For perimeter, count every unit-length segment around the outside boundary.

Solution

1. The four columns have heights \(4\), \(3\), \(2\), and \(1\). The area is \(4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10\) square units. 2. The bottom and left sides are each \(4\) units long. The stepped boundary has four horizontal unit segments and four vertical unit segments. The perimeter is \(4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16\) units.

Answer

a) \(10\) square units b) \(16\) units
Perimeter of polygons 11
A square tablecloth is shown. How many centimeters of lace trim are needed to go all the way around its edge?
Figure for problem 535877

Hints

- Read the side length from the figure. - A square has four sides of equal length. - Find the total distance around all four sides.

Solution

1. The figure shows a square with side length \(70\,\text{cm}\). 2. A square has four equal sides, so its perimeter is \(4 \times 70 = 280\,\text{cm}\).

Answer

\(280\,\text{cm}\) of lace trim is needed.
Perimeter of polygons 12
The diagram shows a rectangular array of square floor tiles. Find the area in tiles and the perimeter in tile-side lengths.
Figure for problem 537391

Hints

- Count the rows and columns in the tile array. - Multiply rows by columns to find the area. - Only the outside tile edges count toward the perimeter.

Solution

1. The diagram has \(5\) rows and \(8\) columns, so the area is \(5 \times 8 = 40\) tiles. 2. The rectangle has two sides of length \(8\) and two sides of length \(5\). Its perimeter is \(8 + 5 + 8 + 5 = 26\) tile-side lengths.

Answer

Area: \(40\) tiles Perimeter: \(26\) tile-side lengths
Perimeter of polygons 13
A rectangle is \(9\,\text{cm}\) long and \(4\,\text{cm}\) wide. Sam says its perimeter is \(9 + 4 = 13\,\text{cm}\). Explain Sam's error and find the correct perimeter.

Hints

- Trace every side that forms the rectangle's boundary. - Check whether each side length occurs more than once.

Solution

1. A rectangle has two sides of each length, so Sam counted only half of the boundary. 2. Add all four sides: \(9 + 4 + 9 + 4 = 26\).

Answer

Sam counted only one length and one width. The correct perimeter is \(26\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 14
Complete the table for square picture frames. Then describe how a square's perimeter is related to its side length. <table><tr><th>Side length</th><th>Perimeter</th></tr><tr><td>\(2\,\text{in}\)</td><td>\(\square\)</td></tr><tr><td>\(5\,\text{in}\)</td><td>\(\square\)</td></tr><tr><td>\(9\,\text{in}\)</td><td>\(\square\)</td></tr></table>

Hints

- The same length occurs four times around a square. - Compare each completed perimeter with that row's side length.

Solution

1. A square has four equal side lengths. 2. The perimeters are \(4\times2=8\) inches, \(4\times5=20\) inches, and \(4\times9=36\) inches. 3. Every perimeter is four times its side length.

Answer

<table><tr><th>Side length</th><th>Perimeter</th></tr><tr><td>\(2\,\text{in}\)</td><td>\(8\,\text{in}\)</td></tr><tr><td>\(5\,\text{in}\)</td><td>\(20\,\text{in}\)</td></tr><tr><td>\(9\,\text{in}\)</td><td>\(36\,\text{in}\)</td></tr></table> A square's perimeter is four times its side length.
Perimeter of polygons 15
A regular pentagon and a square each have side length \(4\,\text{cm}\). Find both perimeters. Which shape has the greater perimeter, and by how much?

Hints

- Count how many equal sides each regular shape has. - Compare the total distances around the two shapes after finding them.

Solution

1. The pentagon's perimeter is \(5 \times 4 = 20\) centimeters. 2. The square's perimeter is \(4 \times 4 = 16\) centimeters. 3. The difference is \(20 - 16 = 4\) centimeters.

Answer

The pentagon's perimeter is \(20\,\text{cm}\), and the square's perimeter is \(16\,\text{cm}\). The pentagon's perimeter is \(4\,\text{cm}\) greater.
Perimeter of polygons 16
A regular polygon has a perimeter of \(24\,\text{ft}\). Each side is \(2\,\text{ft}\) long. How many sides does the polygon have?

Hints

- Think of the perimeter as a total divided into equal side lengths. - Find how many \(2\)-foot lengths fit in \(24\) feet.

Solution

1. The perimeter is made of equal \(2\)-foot side lengths. 2. The number of sides is \(24 \div 2 = 12\).

Answer

The polygon has \(12\) sides.
Perimeter of polygons 17
A square has side length \(6\) units. A rectangle is \(8\) units by \(4\) units. Find both perimeters. What do you notice?

Hints

- Count all sides of each figure. - Compare the two boundary totals after calculating them.

Solution

1. The square's perimeter is \(4 \times 6 = 24\) units. 2. The rectangle's perimeter is \(8 + 4 + 8 + 4 = 24\) units. 3. The two different shapes have the same perimeter.

Answer

Both perimeters are \(24\) units. The square and rectangle have the same perimeter.
Perimeter of polygons 18
A regular hexagon has side length \(6\,\text{cm}\). A diagonal is drawn inside the hexagon from one vertex to another. Does the diagonal change the hexagon’s perimeter? Find the perimeter.

Hints

- Decide whether the new segment lies on the outside boundary. - Count only lengths traveled in one trip around the edge.

Solution

1. Perimeter includes only the outside boundary, not an interior diagonal. 2. The six outside sides each measure \(6\,\text{cm}\). 3. The perimeter is \(6 \times 6 = 36\,\text{cm}\).

Answer

The diagonal does not change the perimeter. The perimeter is \(36\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 19
A game token moves along \(8\) consecutive sides of a regular \(9\)-sided board and stops before the final side. Each side is \(3\,\text{cm}\) long. How far has the token moved, and how much farther would complete one trip around the perimeter?

Hints

- Separate the sides already traveled from the side not yet traveled. - A complete perimeter includes every side exactly once.

Solution

1. Moving along \(8\) sides covers \(8 \times 3 = 24\,\text{cm}\). 2. One side remains, so \(3\,\text{cm}\) more completes the perimeter. 3. The full perimeter is \(24 + 3 = 27\,\text{cm}\).

Answer

The token has moved \(24\,\text{cm}\) and needs \(3\,\text{cm}\) more to complete the perimeter.
Perimeter of polygons 20
A quadrilateral has side lengths \(5\), \(6\), \(7\), and \(8\) meters. What is its perimeter?

Hints

- Count each side of the quadrilateral exactly once. - Add the four side lengths to find the total distance around the shape. - Keep meters as the unit in the answer.

Solution

1. Perimeter is the total length of all four sides. 2. Add: \(5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 26\).

Answer

The perimeter is \(26\,\text{m}\).
Perimeter of polygons 21
A rectangle is \(11\) units by \(3\) units. It is turned so the \(3\)-unit sides are horizontal and the \(11\)-unit sides are vertical. Does its perimeter change? Find the perimeter.

Hints

- Rotation changes orientation, not the lengths of the boundary sides. - Add the same four side lengths before or after the turn.

Solution

1. Turning the rectangle does not change any side length. 2. The perimeter is \(11 + 3 + 11 + 3 = 28\) units.

Answer

No. The perimeter remains \(28\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 22
A regular \(10\)-sided polygon has side length \(3\) units. One side is marked into two connected segments of lengths \(1\) unit and \(2\) units without changing the boundary. The boundary now has \(11\) labeled segments. Has the perimeter changed? Find it.

Hints

- Compare the total length of the two new segments with the old side length. - A greater number of labeled boundary pieces does not necessarily mean a longer boundary.

Solution

1. The original perimeter is \(10 \times 3 = 30\) units. 2. The split side still has total length \(1 + 2 = 3\) units. 3. Dividing one side into two labeled segments changes the segment count but not the boundary length.

Answer

The perimeter has not changed. It is still \(30\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 23
Find the perimeter of this rectangular picture frame. Explain why each labeled side length is used twice.
Figure for problem 558638

Hints

- Trace the entire frame, starting at one corner and coming back to it. - Does the diagram label every edge that you traced? What do you know about rectangles?

Solution

1. The side lengths are \(5\) inches and \(2\) inches. 2. Opposite sides of a rectangle are equally long. 3. Add all four sides: \(5+2+5+2=14\) inches.

Answer

\(14\,\text{in}\). Each length is used twice because a rectangle has two sides of each length.
Perimeter of polygons 24
The perimeter of a triangular garden is \(21\) feet. Two of its sides are \(6\) feet and \(7\) feet long. How long is the third side?

Hints

- Draw the triangle and mark the two sides whose lengths are known. - Check a possible third length by seeing whether all three sides reach the given total.

Solution

1. The known sides add to \(6+7=13\) feet. 2. The third side is \(21-13=8\) feet.

Answer

\(8\,\text{ft}\)
Perimeter of polygons 25
Two \(2\)-inch by \(3\)-inch cards are joined along their shorter sides, with no overlap. What is the perimeter of the new shape?

Hints

- Sketch the two cards touching along a short side. - Trace the outside edge of the new shape. Which segments do you trace?

Solution

1. Each card has perimeter \(2+3+2+3=10\) inches. 2. Together their perimeters add to \(20\) inches, but the shared \(2\)-inch edge was counted twice. 3. Remove both counts: \(20-2-2=16\) inches.

Answer

\(16\,\text{in}\)
Perimeter of polygons 26
Find the area and perimeter of each shape on the unit geoboard. Do shapes with the same area always have the same perimeter?
Figure for problem 558641

Hints

- Count the square units inside each shape. - Now count the unit lengths around each shape. Compare your results.

Solution

1. Shape a) is \(4\) by \(2\) units, so its perimeter is \(4+2+4+2=12\) units. 2. Shape b) is \(8\) by \(1\) unit, so its perimeter is \(8+1+8+1=18\) units. 3. Shape b) has the longer perimeter, although both areas equal \(8\) square units.

Answer

Shape a): area \(8\) square units, perimeter \(12\) units. Shape b): area \(8\) square units, perimeter \(18\) units. No. Equal areas can have different perimeters.
Perimeter of polygons 27
Figures A, B, and C are shown on a geoboard. a) Find the area of each figure in square units. What do you notice when you compare the three areas? b) Find the perimeter of each figure by counting unit-length segments around its boundary. Which figure has the greatest perimeter?
Figure for problem 531749

Hints

- Count the unit squares inside each figure to find its area. - To find perimeter, trace the entire outside boundary and count each unit-length segment. - Be sure to count the inward and outward segments of Figure C.

Solution

1. Figure A is a \(4 \times 2\) rectangle, so its area is \(8\) square units. 2. Counting or decomposing Figure B gives an area of \(8\) square units. 3. Counting or decomposing Figure C gives an area of \(8\) square units. Therefore, all three figures have the same area. 4. The perimeter of Figure A is \(4 + 2 + 4 + 2 = 12\) units. 5. The perimeter of Figure B is \(5 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 = 14\) units. 6. The perimeter of Figure C is \(4 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 18\) units. 7. Figure C has the greatest perimeter.

Answer

a) Each figure has an area of \(8\) square units. b) Figure A: \(12\) units Figure B: \(14\) units Figure C: \(18\) units Figure C has the greatest perimeter.
Perimeter of polygons 28
Compare rectangle 1 with C-shaped figure 2. a) Find each area by counting unit squares. Which figure has the greater area? b) Which figure has the greater perimeter?
Figure for problem 535374

Hints

- Count the unit squares inside each figure to find area. - Trace the entire boundary and count each unit-length segment to find perimeter. - Compare the areas separately from the perimeters.

Solution

1. Rectangle 1 has \(4\) unit squares in each of \(3\) rows, so its area is \(4 + 4 + 4 = 12\) square units. 2. Figure 2 has \(4\) unit squares in the bottom row, \(1\) in the middle row, and \(4\) in the top row, so its area is \(4 + 1 + 4 = 9\) square units. 3. The perimeter of Rectangle 1 is \(4 + 3 + 4 + 3 = 14\) units. 4. Adding the boundary lengths of Figure 2 gives \(4 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 3 = 20\) units. 5. Rectangle 1 has the greater area, while Figure 2 has the greater perimeter.

Answer

a) Rectangle 1 has an area of \(12\) square units. Figure 2 has an area of \(9\) square units. Rectangle 1 has the greater area. b) Figure 2 has the greater perimeter: \(20\) units compared with \(14\) units for Rectangle 1.
Perimeter of polygons 29
The diagram shows two rectangles made from equal square tiles. Which rectangle has the smaller perimeter in tile-side lengths? Find both perimeters to justify your answer.
Figure for problem 537392

Hints

- Count the rows and columns in each array. - Perimeter uses only the outside edge lengths. - Compare the two perimeter totals after finding each one.

Solution

1. Rectangle A has \(3\) rows and \(8\) columns, so its perimeter is \(3 + 8 + 3 + 8 = 22\) tile-side lengths. 2. Rectangle B has \(4\) rows and \(6\) columns, so its perimeter is \(4 + 6 + 4 + 6 = 20\) tile-side lengths. 3. Rectangle B has the smaller perimeter. Both arrays contain \(24\) tiles, so this also shows that equal areas can have different perimeters.

Answer

Rectangle B has the smaller perimeter: \(20\) tile-side lengths. Rectangle A has a perimeter of \(22\) tile-side lengths.
Perimeter of polygons 30
A triangular pennant has a perimeter of \(29\,\text{cm}\). Two sides are \(8\,\text{cm}\) and \(10\,\text{cm}\). What is the length of the third side?

Hints

- The perimeter is the sum of all the side lengths. - Find how much of the perimeter is left after accounting for the two known sides.

Solution

1. Add the known sides: \(8 + 10 = 18\). 2. Subtract from the perimeter: \(29 - 18 = 11\).

Answer

The third side is \(11\,\text{cm}\) long.
Perimeter of polygons 31
Two identical triangles each have side lengths \(5\,\text{cm}\), \(5\,\text{cm}\), and \(6\,\text{cm}\). They are joined exactly along their \(6\)-centimeter sides to make one kite-shaped figure. What is the perimeter of the new figure?

Hints

- Only lengths on the outside boundary count toward perimeter. - Decide what happens to the two sides where the triangles touch.

Solution

1. The joined \(6\)-centimeter sides are inside the new figure, so they are not part of its perimeter. 2. The outside boundary has four sides of \(5\,\text{cm}\). 3. Multiply: \(4 \times 5 = 20\).

Answer

The perimeter of the new figure is \(20\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 32
A rectangular garden is \(9\,\text{m}\) long and \(5\,\text{m}\) wide. Two students start at the same corner and walk along the boundary to the opposite corner. One walks along a long side and then a short side. The other walks along the other short side and then the other long side. How far does each student walk? Explain how the two routes together relate to the garden's perimeter.

Hints

- Identify which two side lengths are used in each route. - Check whether the two routes together include every side of the rectangle exactly once. - Compare the combined route length with the complete boundary length.

Solution

1. Each route uses one \(9\)-meter side and one \(5\)-meter side. 2. Each student walks \(9 + 5 = 14\) meters. 3. The two routes use all four boundary sides exactly once, so together they measure \(14 + 14 = 28\) meters. 4. This equals the perimeter: \(9 + 5 + 9 + 5 = 28\) meters.

Answer

Each student walks \(14\,\text{m}\). Together, the two routes make the full \(28\)-meter perimeter.
Perimeter of polygons 33
A square has side length \(6\,\text{cm}\). A triangle has the same perimeter as the square. Two triangle sides are \(7\,\text{cm}\) and \(8\,\text{cm}\). How long is the third side of the triangle?

Hints

- First determine the perimeter shared by both shapes. - Then find the part of the triangle’s perimeter not accounted for by its known sides.

Solution

1. Find the square’s perimeter: \(4 \times 6 = 24\) centimeters. 2. The known triangle sides total \(7 + 8 = 15\) centimeters. 3. Subtract: \(24 - 15 = 9\) centimeters.

Answer

The third side of the triangle is \(9\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 34
Rectangle A is \(8\) units long and \(4\) units wide. Rectangle B has the same perimeter, and its length is \(7\) units. What is Rectangle B's width?

Hints

- Find the perimeter shared by both rectangles. - After accounting for both known length sides, divide the remaining boundary equally between the widths.

Solution

1. Rectangle A's perimeter is \(8 + 4 + 8 + 4 = 24\) units. 2. Rectangle B's two length sides total \(7 + 7 = 14\) units. 3. Its two width sides total \(24 - 14 = 10\) units. 4. Each width is \(10 \div 2 = 5\) units.

Answer

Rectangle B's width is \(5\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 35
A wire loop is \(22\) units long. Can it form a square whose side lengths are whole numbers of units without cutting or overlapping the wire? Explain.

Hints

- A square needs four equal side lengths. - Check whether the total length can be separated into four equal whole-number parts.

Solution

1. A square would divide the \(22\)-unit perimeter into \(4\) equal whole-number sides. 2. Four sides of \(5\) units use \(20\) units, leaving \(2\) units. 3. Therefore, \(22\) cannot be shared equally into \(4\) whole-number side lengths.

Answer

No. A \(22\)-unit loop cannot form a square with whole-number side lengths.
Perimeter of polygons 36
Rectangle A is \(9\) units by \(5\) units. Rectangle B is \(10\) units by \(4\) units. Compare their perimeters and explain why the change in side lengths does or does not change the perimeter.

Hints

- Calculate both complete boundaries rather than comparing only one side. - Track how many sides increase and how many sides decrease.

Solution

1. Rectangle A's perimeter is \(9 + 5 + 9 + 5 = 28\) units. 2. Rectangle B's perimeter is \(10 + 4 + 10 + 4 = 28\) units. 3. Increasing each length side by \(1\) adds \(2\) units total, while decreasing each width side by \(1\) removes \(2\) units total.

Answer

Both perimeters are \(28\) units. The added boundary length and removed boundary length are equal, so the perimeter does not change.
Perimeter of polygons 37
An equilateral triangle has side length \(8\,\text{in.}\). A second equilateral triangle has each side twice as long. Find both perimeters. How does doubling every side affect the perimeter?

Hints

- Find the first triangle’s perimeter from its three equal sides. - Think about what happens to the total when each of the three side lengths is doubled. - Compare the second perimeter with twice the first perimeter.

Solution

1. The first perimeter is \(3 \times 8 = 24\,\text{in.}\). 2. Every side of the second triangle is twice as long, so its perimeter is twice as long. 3. Double the first perimeter: \(24 + 24 = 48\,\text{in.}\).

Answer

The perimeters are \(24\,\text{in.}\) and \(48\,\text{in.}\). Doubling every side doubles the perimeter.
Perimeter of polygons 38
A hexagon has side lengths \(4\), \(5\), \(5\), \(7\), \(7\), and \(7\) centimeters. Emma adds only the different side lengths and writes \(4 + 5 + 7 = 16\) centimeters. Explain the error and find the perimeter.

Hints

- Repeated side lengths still belong to separate sides of the polygon. - Count how many times each length occurs before adding.

Solution

1. Perimeter includes every side, even when several sides have the same length. 2. There is one \(4\)-centimeter side, two \(5\)-centimeter sides, and three \(7\)-centimeter sides. 3. The perimeter is \(4 + (2 \times 5) + (3 \times 7) = 4 + 10 + 21 = 35\) centimeters.

Answer

Emma counted each different length only once instead of counting every side. The perimeter is \(35\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 39
Three squares each have side length \(2\) units. Figure a) joins them in one straight row. Figure b) joins them in an L-shape. Compare the perimeters of the two figures.
Figure for problem 540333

Hints

- Trace only the outside boundary of each joined figure. - Use the labeled dimensions to account for every outside segment. - Compare the two complete boundary totals.

Solution

1. Figure a) is a \(6\)-by-\(2\) rectangle, so its perimeter is \(6 + 2 + 6 + 2 = 16\) units. 2. For figure b), add the six outside side lengths: \(4 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 4 = 16\) units. 3. The two figures have equal perimeters.

Answer

Both figures have a perimeter of \(16\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 40
A polygon has a perimeter of \(25\,\text{cm}\). One side is lengthened by \(3\,\text{cm}\), and a different side is shortened by \(1\,\text{cm}\). All other sides stay the same. What is the new perimeter?

Hints

- Track how each side change affects the total boundary length. - Combine the increase and decrease before applying the net change.

Solution

1. Lengthening one side adds \(3\) centimeters to the perimeter. 2. Shortening another side removes \(1\) centimeter. 3. The net change is \(3 - 1 = 2\) centimeters. 4. The new perimeter is \(25 + 2 = 27\) centimeters.

Answer

The new perimeter is \(27\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 41
Every side of a square is lengthened by \(2\) units. Without first finding either complete perimeter, determine how much the perimeter increases. Then check using a square whose original side length is \(5\) units.

Hints

- The same side-length change occurs four times. - Use the given square only to verify the general reasoning.

Solution

1. A square has \(4\) sides, and each side increases by \(2\) units. 2. The perimeter increase is \(4 \times 2 = 8\) units. 3. For the check, the original perimeter is \(4 \times 5 = 20\) units and the new perimeter is \(4 \times 7 = 28\) units; \(28 - 20 = 8\).

Answer

The perimeter increases by \(8\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 42
A regular pentagon has a perimeter of \(35\,\text{cm}\). Morgan subtracts \(5\) from \(35\) and says each side is \(30\,\text{cm}\). Explain the error and find the correct side length.

Hints

- Think about how one total is shared among equal sides. - Check the proposed side length by rebuilding the perimeter.

Solution

1. The perimeter is shared equally among \(5\) sides; the number of sides is not subtracted from the perimeter. 2. Divide: \(35 \div 5 = 7\,\text{cm}\). 3. A check is \(5 \times 7 = 35\,\text{cm}\).

Answer

Morgan should divide by \(5\), not subtract \(5\). Each side is \(7\,\text{cm}\) long.
Perimeter of polygons 43
A \(5\)-unit by \(3\)-unit rectangle and a \(4\)-unit by \(3\)-unit rectangle are joined along their \(3\)-unit sides to make one larger rectangle. What is the perimeter of the larger rectangle?

Hints

- Shared sides become interior and are not part of the new boundary. - Determine the dimensions of the combined rectangle before finding its perimeter.

Solution

1. The joined lengths combine to make \(5 + 4 = 9\) units. 2. The larger rectangle is \(9\) units by \(3\) units. 3. Its perimeter is \(9 + 3 + 9 + 3 = 24\) units.

Answer

The larger rectangle has a perimeter of \(24\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 44
An irregular hexagon has a perimeter of \(50\,\text{cm}\). Four sides measure \(6\,\text{cm}\), \(8\,\text{cm}\), \(10\,\text{cm}\), and \(12\,\text{cm}\). The other two sides have equal lengths. Ben says the missing sides can be \(6\,\text{cm}\) and \(8\,\text{cm}\) because those lengths total \(14\,\text{cm}\). Explain the error and find the two missing side lengths.

Hints

- A correct pair must satisfy both the perimeter total and the equal-length condition. - Find the unused perimeter and divide it into two equal parts.

Solution

1. The four known sides total \(6 + 8 + 10 + 12 = 36\,\text{cm}\). 2. The two missing sides must total \(50 - 36 = 14\,\text{cm}\). 3. The proposed lengths \(6\,\text{cm}\) and \(8\,\text{cm}\) have the correct total, but they do not satisfy the condition that the two sides are equal. 4. Splitting \(14\,\text{cm}\) equally gives \(14 \div 2 = 7\,\text{cm}\) for each side.

Answer

Ben's lengths have the correct total but are not equal. The missing sides are \(7\,\text{cm}\) and \(7\,\text{cm}\).
Perimeter of polygons 45
A regular \(10\)-sided display has side length \(4\,\text{in.}\). A regular octagonal display has side length \(5\,\text{in.}\). Compare their perimeters. Must the shape with more sides have the greater perimeter?

Hints

- Find each complete perimeter using its own number of sides and side length. - Compare the products rather than comparing only the number of sides.

Solution

1. The \(10\)-sided display has perimeter \(10 \times 4 = 40\,\text{in.}\). 2. The octagonal display has perimeter \(8 \times 5 = 40\,\text{in.}\). 3. Their perimeters are equal, so having more sides does not by itself guarantee a greater perimeter.

Answer

Both perimeters are \(40\,\text{in.}\). No, more sides do not necessarily mean a greater perimeter.
Perimeter of polygons 46
A \(6\)-sided polygon has side lengths \(4\), \(5\), \(6\), \(7\), \(8\), and \(9\) units. A shortcut replaces the adjacent \(6\)-unit and \(7\)-unit sides with one \(10\)-unit side. What is the new perimeter?

Hints

- Find the original boundary length before changing any sides. - Replace the total length of the two old sides with the shortcut's length.

Solution

1. The original perimeter is \(4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 = 39\) units. 2. The two replaced sides total \(6 + 7 = 13\) units. 3. Remove those sides and add the shortcut: \(39 - 13 + 10 = 36\) units.

Answer

The new perimeter is \(36\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 47
A quadrilateral has perimeter \(36\) units. Three of its side lengths are \(7\) units, \(9\) units, and \(12\) units. Find the fourth side length. Then find the new perimeter if the \(9\)-unit side is lengthened by \(3\) units.

Hints

- Compare the sum of the known sides with the original perimeter. - A change to one side changes the total boundary by the same amount.

Solution

1. The known sides total \(7 + 9 + 12 = 28\) units. 2. The fourth side is \(36 - 28 = 8\) units. 3. Lengthening one side by \(3\) units increases the perimeter by \(3\) units, so the new perimeter is \(36 + 3 = 39\) units.

Answer

The fourth side is \(8\) units long. The new perimeter is \(39\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 48
A rectangular display is \(8\) units long and \(5\) units wide. A border goes around its edge, except for a \(2\)-unit opening on one long side and a \(1\)-unit opening on the opposite long side. How many units of border are used?

Hints

- First find the length of the complete rectangular boundary. - Sections left open are not included in the border length.

Solution

1. The complete perimeter is \(8 + 5 + 8 + 5 = 26\) units. 2. The two openings total \(2 + 1 = 3\) units. 3. The border length is \(26 - 3 = 23\) units.

Answer

The display uses \(23\) units of border.
Perimeter of polygons 49
A regular pentagon has side length \(6\) units. One \(6\)-unit side is removed and replaced by two connected boundary segments measuring \(2\) units and \(5\) units. What is the new perimeter?

Hints

- Start with the complete perimeter of the regular polygon. - Replace the old side length with the total length of the new boundary segments.

Solution

1. The original perimeter is \(5 \times 6 = 30\) units. 2. Removing the original side leaves \(30 - 6 = 24\) units. 3. The replacement segments add \(2 + 5 = 7\) units. 4. The new perimeter is \(24 + 7 = 31\) units.

Answer

The new perimeter is \(31\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 50
Two equilateral triangles each have side length \(5\) units. They touch at exactly one vertex but do not share any part of a side. What is the total length of their outside boundaries? Explain why the touching point does not reduce the total.

Hints

- Decide whether the triangles share a segment with measurable length. - Find the perimeter of one triangle. - Add the two perimeters when no boundary edge is hidden.

Solution

1. Each triangle has perimeter \(3 \times 5 = 15\) units. 2. A single touching point has no side length, so no boundary segment becomes internal. 3. The total outside boundary length is \(15 + 15 = 30\) units.

Answer

The total outside boundary length is \(30\) units. The touching point has no length, so it does not remove any part of either boundary.
Perimeter of polygons 51
Two octagons use the same side lengths: four sides are \(6\) units long and four sides are \(4\) units long. In Octagon A, the lengths alternate. In Octagon B, the four long sides come first and the four short sides come next. Do the octagons have the same perimeter? Explain.

Hints

- Perimeter depends on the sum of the side lengths. - Compare the collection of lengths, not the order in which they appear.

Solution

1. Each octagon has four \(6\)-unit sides, contributing \(4 \times 6 = 24\) units. 2. Each also has four \(4\)-unit sides, contributing \(4 \times 4 = 16\) units. 3. The perimeter is \(24 + 16 = 40\) units for each octagon. 4. Changing the order of the side lengths does not change their sum.

Answer

Yes. Both octagons have a perimeter of \(40\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 52
A rectangle has a perimeter of \(24\,\text{m}\) and whole-number side lengths. List every different pair of dimensions it could have. Count a turned rectangle as the same rectangle.

Hints

- First find the sum of one length and one width. - List the whole-number pairs systematically so you do not repeat a pair in reverse order.

Solution

1. The perimeter has two lengths and two widths, so one length plus one width is \(24 \div 2 = 12\) meters. 2. The whole-number pairs with a sum of \(12\) are \(1\) and \(11\), \(2\) and \(10\), \(3\) and \(9\), \(4\) and \(8\), \(5\) and \(7\), and \(6\) and \(6\). 3. Reversing a pair only turns the same rectangle, so there are six different pairs.

Answer

The possible dimensions are \(1\,\text{m} \times 11\,\text{m}\), \(2\,\text{m} \times 10\,\text{m}\), \(3\,\text{m} \times 9\,\text{m}\), \(4\,\text{m} \times 8\,\text{m}\), \(5\,\text{m} \times 7\,\text{m}\), and \(6\,\text{m} \times 6\,\text{m}\).
Perimeter of polygons 53
A rectangle has an area of \(18\) square units and a perimeter of \(22\) units. Both side lengths are whole numbers greater than \(1\). What are the side lengths?

Hints

- List whole-number side-length pairs whose product gives the area. - Check the perimeter of each possible rectangle rather than choosing from area alone.

Solution

1. Whole-number factor pairs of \(18\) with both factors greater than \(1\) are \(2\) and \(9\), and \(3\) and \(6\). 2. The \(2\)-by-\(9\) rectangle has perimeter \(2 + 9 + 2 + 9 = 22\) units. 3. The \(3\)-by-\(6\) rectangle has perimeter \(3 + 6 + 3 + 6 = 18\) units, so it does not fit.

Answer

The side lengths are \(2\) units and \(9\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 54
The figure shows a rectangle with a square cut from one corner. Use the labeled lengths to find the perimeter of the new figure. All lengths are in units.
Figure for problem 540288

Hints

- Read the rectangle and corner-cut lengths from the diagram. - Compare the old edge segments with the new ones made by the cut. - Decide whether the total boundary length changes.

Solution

1. The original rectangle measures \(10\) units by \(3\) units, with perimeter \(10+3+10+3=26\) units. 2. The corner cut removes two \(1\)-unit sections of the old boundary. 3. It creates two new \(1\)-unit boundary sections. 4. The lengths removed and added are equal, so the perimeter remains \(26\) units.

Answer

\(26\) units
Perimeter of polygons 55
The figure shows a square patio with a rectangular inward detour replacing part of one side. Use the labeled lengths to find the new perimeter.
Figure for problem 540313

Hints

- Read the side lengths and detour dimensions from the diagram. - Start with the perimeter of the original square. - Replace the removed straight segment with the new edge segments.

Solution

1. The original square has side length \(9\,\text{ft}\), so its perimeter is \(4\times9=36\,\text{ft}\). 2. The old \(2\)-foot boundary section is replaced. 3. The detour adds \(1+2+1=4\) feet of boundary in its place. 4. The new perimeter is \(36-2+4=38\) feet.

Answer

\(38\,\text{ft}\)
Perimeter of polygons 56
A robot traces the complete perimeter of a polygon once. It starts a second lap but skips one \(7\)-unit side. The robot travels \(53\) units altogether. What is the polygon's perimeter?

Hints

- Reconstruct the distance of two complete laps first. - The skipped side belongs to the second complete perimeter. - Split the two-lap distance into two equal boundary lengths.

Solution

1. Add the skipped side to the traveled distance: \(53 + 7 = 60\) units. 2. This total represents two complete laps around the polygon. 3. Divide by \(2\): \(60 \div 2 = 30\) units.

Answer

The polygon's perimeter is \(30\) units.
Perimeter of polygons 57
A polygon has three sides that are each \(2\) units long and three sides that are each \(5\) units long. All its remaining sides are \(7\) units long. The perimeter is \(42\) units. How many \(7\)-unit sides are there, and how many sides does the polygon have altogether?

Hints

- Find how much perimeter is already accounted for by the known side groups. - Use the remaining perimeter to determine how many equal sides are missing.

Solution

1. The known sides total \(3 \times 2 + 3 \times 5 = 6 + 15 = 21\) units. 2. The remaining perimeter is \(42 - 21 = 21\) units. 3. The number of \(7\)-unit sides is \(21 \div 7 = 3\). 4. The polygon has \(3 + 3 + 3 = 9\) sides altogether.

Answer

There are \(3\) sides of length \(7\) units, and the polygon has \(9\) sides altogether.
Perimeter of polygons 58
A polygon has perimeter \(48\) units. A new \(7\)-unit segment is drawn from one point on its boundary to another, splitting the polygon into two smaller polygons. What is the sum of the perimeters of the two smaller polygons?

Hints

- Track which boundary segments belong to one smaller polygon and which belong to both. - The dividing segment appears once in each new perimeter.

Solution

1. The original outside boundary still contributes \(48\) units altogether. 2. The new \(7\)-unit segment is part of the boundary of each smaller polygon, so it is counted twice. 3. The sum is \(48 + 7 + 7 = 62\) units.

Answer

The two smaller perimeters have a sum of \(62\) units.

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