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Opposite signs and distance from zero

Learning goals

  • Identifies numbers with equal magnitudes and opposite signs as opposites.
  • Explains nonzero opposites as equal distances on opposite sides of zero.
  • Distinguishes sign from magnitude.
  • Uses distance from zero to support comparisons or absolute-value reasoning.

Click problems to add them to your worksheet.

Opposite signs and distance from zero 1
Decide whether each statement is true or false. a) \(\left|-\frac{7}{8}\right| = \left|\frac{7}{8}\right|\) b) \(-\left|\frac{5}{6}\right| = \frac{5}{6}\) c) \(\left|-\frac{1}{2}\right| > 0\) d) \(\left|-\frac{3}{4}\right| = -\frac{3}{4}\)

Hints

- Absolute value is a number's distance from zero. - An absolute value cannot be negative. - Distinguish a negative sign outside the absolute-value bars from one inside them.

Solution

1. For a), both absolute values equal \(\frac{7}{8}\), so the statement is true. 2. For b), \(\left|\frac{5}{6}\right| = \frac{5}{6}\), so the negative sign outside gives \(-\frac{5}{6}\). The statement is false. 3. For c), \(\left|-\frac{1}{2}\right| = \frac{1}{2} > 0\), so the statement is true. 4. For d), \(\left|-\frac{3}{4}\right| = \frac{3}{4}\), not \(-\frac{3}{4}\), so the statement is false.

Answer

a) True b) False c) True d) False
Opposite signs and distance from zero 2
a) Which integers have an absolute value of \(17\)? b) List all integers with an absolute value less than \(3\). c) Which integer has an absolute value of \(0\)?

Hints

- Absolute value represents distance from zero. - A positive distance from zero usually corresponds to two opposite integers. - Remember that zero is an integer.

Solution

1. The integers \(-17\) and \(17\) are both \(17\) units from zero. 2. The integers less than \(3\) units from zero are \(-2,-1,0,1,2\). 3. Only \(0\) is zero units from zero.

Answer

a) \(-17\) and \(17\) b) \(-2,-1,0,1,2\) c) \(0\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 3
Can two different integers have the same absolute value? Explain and give an example.

Hints

- Think of points the same distance from zero on opposite sides. - Consider a number and its opposite. - Zero is the only integer equal to its own opposite.

Solution

1. Absolute value represents distance from zero. 2. A nonzero integer and its opposite are different points that are the same distance from zero. 3. For example, \(|5|=5\) and \(|-5|=5\), so the answer is yes.

Answer

Yes. A nonzero integer and its opposite have the same absolute value. For example, \(|12|=|-12|=12\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 4
Compare the absolute values of \(-12\) and \(10\). Which number is farther from zero? Justify your answer by calculating both absolute values.

Hints

- Find each number’s distance from zero. - Compare the two nonnegative distances. - The sign of the original number does not make its distance negative.

Solution

1. \(|-12|=12\) and \(|10|=10\). 2. Since \(12>10\), \(-12\) is farther from zero.

Answer

\(-12\) is farther from zero because \(|-12|=12>|10|=10\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 5
Compare the distances of points A and B from zero. Which is farther from zero, or are they equally far? Explain using tick spaces.
Figure for problem 559399

Hints

- Start at zero and count the gaps between neighboring ticks. - Compare the counts on the left and right without assuming a value for each gap.

Solution

1. Count the spaces from A to zero: there are three. 2. Count the spaces from B to zero: there are also three. 3. A and B are equally far from zero. The number line does not show how many units each space represents.

Answer

A and B are equally far from zero. Each point is three tick spaces away. The number of units is not given.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 6
Find the values of \(\lvert-5\rvert\) and \(-\lvert-5\rvert\). Explain why the second expression is negative.

Hints

- Work out the distance inside the bars first. - Then read the minus sign outside the bars. - Is the opposite of a positive number positive or negative?

Solution

1. The distance of \(-5\) from zero is \(5\), so \(\lvert-5\rvert=5\). 2. The minus sign before the absolute-value bars takes the opposite of \(5\). 3. Therefore \(-\lvert-5\rvert=-5\).

Answer

\(\lvert-5\rvert=5\) and \(-\lvert-5\rvert=-5\). The outside minus sign takes the opposite of the distance \(5\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 7
For each description, give every rational number that could be the position of a point on a number line. If the description is impossible, explain why. a) A point is \(\frac{5}{12}\) unit from zero. b) A point has a distance of \(-2.5\) units from zero. c) A point is the same distance from zero as \(-\frac{3}{7}\).

Hints

- Think of two points equally far from zero, one on each side. - Can a distance measured in units be negative? - Keep direction separate from distance when using the negative fraction.

Solution

1. Distance is measured without direction. A point at a positive distance of \(\frac{5}{12}\) from zero can be at \(\frac{5}{12}\) or \(-\frac{5}{12}\). 2. A distance cannot be negative, so a distance of \(-2.5\) units is impossible. 3. The distance of \(-\frac{3}{7}\) from zero is \(\frac{3}{7}\). The two possible positions are \(-\frac{3}{7}\) and \(\frac{3}{7}\).

Answer

a) \(-\frac{5}{12}\) and \(\frac{5}{12}\) b) Impossible; distance is never negative. c) \(-\frac{3}{7}\) and \(\frac{3}{7}\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 8
Which numbers have an absolute value of \(5.2\)? What is the distance between the two corresponding points on a number line?

Hints

- Absolute value represents distance from \(0\). - Two numbers can have the same nonzero distance from \(0\). - Add the two distances from zero to find the distance between opposite points.

Solution

1. Absolute value gives distance from \(0\), so the two numbers are \(5.2\) and \(-5.2\). 2. The points lie on opposite sides of zero, each \(5.2\) units away. Their distance is \(5.2+5.2=10.4\).

Answer

The numbers are \(-5.2\) and \(5.2\). The distance between them is \(10.4\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 9
Which integers are less than \(4\) units from \(0\) on a number line? List all of them and state how many there are.

Hints

- Think of distance from \(0\), not direction. - Include both positive and negative integers. - Do not forget \(0\).

Solution

1. Numbers less than \(4\) units from \(0\) have distances \(0\), \(1\), \(2\), or \(3\). 2. The integers are \(-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3\). 3. There are \(7\) integers in the list.

Answer

The integers are \(-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3\). There are \(7\) numbers.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 10
Which number in each pair is closer to \(0\)? a) \(-\frac{5}{8}\) or \(0.65\) b) \(-1.2\) or \(110\%\)

Hints

- Compare the absolute values. - Convert fractions, decimals, and percents to a common form. - The smaller distance identifies the number closer to \(0\).

Solution

1. Distance from \(0\) is absolute value. 2. For a), \(\left|-\frac{5}{8}\right|=\frac{5}{8}=0.625\), while \(|0.65|=0.65\). Since \(0.625<0.65\), \(-\frac{5}{8}\) is closer to \(0\). 3. For b), \(|-1.2|=1.2\), and \(110\%=1.1\), so \(|110\%|=1.1\). Since \(1.1<1.2\), \(110\%\) is closer to \(0\).

Answer

a) \(-\frac{5}{8}\) b) \(110\%\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 11
a) Which integers are more than \(4\) units but less than \(8\) units from zero? b) Find all negative integers whose absolute value is less than \(5\).

Hints

- Absolute value is distance from zero. - For part a), consider values on both sides of zero. - For part b), keep only negative integers.

Solution

1. Distances greater than \(4\) and less than \(8\) are \(5,6,7\). The corresponding integers are \(-7,-6,-5,5,6,7\). 2. The negative integers less than \(5\) units from zero are \(-4,-3,-2,-1\).

Answer

a) \(-7,-6,-5,5,6,7\) b) \(-4,-3,-2,-1\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 12
Solve each integer riddle. a) My opposite is \(-25\). b) My absolute value is \(14\), and I am negative. c) I am positive, and my absolute value is \(8\). d) I am the only number equal to my own opposite.

Hints

- Opposites have the same distance from zero but different signs. - Absolute value tells a number’s distance from zero. - Consider which number lies exactly on the center of the number line.

Solution

1. The number whose opposite is \(-25\) is \(25\). 2. The negative number with absolute value \(14\) is \(-14\). 3. The positive number with absolute value \(8\) is \(8\). 4. The only number satisfying \(x=-x\) is \(0\).

Answer

a) \(25\) b) \(-14\) c) \(8\) d) \(0\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 13
Find all integers whose absolute value is less than \(6\). Order them from least to greatest.

Hints

- Interpret absolute value as distance from zero. - Each nonzero distance corresponds to two opposite integers. - The endpoint values \(-6\) and \(6\) are not included.

Solution

1. The condition \(|z|<6\) means the number is fewer than \(6\) units from zero. 2. The negative integers are \(-5,-4,-3,-2,-1\), followed by \(0\) and the positive integers \(1,2,3,4,5\). 3. Therefore, the ordered list is \(-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5\).

Answer

\(-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 14
Find all integers that meet both conditions: 1. The integer is negative. 2. Its absolute value is greater than \(3\) and less than \(8\).

Hints

- First identify the possible absolute values. - Each positive absolute value corresponds to a positive and a negative integer. - Keep only the negative integers.

Solution

1. The whole-number distances strictly between \(3\) and \(8\) are \(4,5,6,7\). 2. Because the integers must be negative, the solutions are \(-7,-6,-5,-4\).

Answer

\(-7,-6,-5,-4\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 15
Write each statement using absolute-value notation. a) The numbers \(-14\) and \(14\) are the same distance from zero. b) The number \(-5\) is closer to zero than \(-9\). c) The number \(2\) is closer to zero than \(-3\).

Hints

- Absolute value represents distance from zero. - Use \(=\) for equal distances. - Use \(<\) when the first number is closer to zero.

Solution

1. Distance from zero is represented by absolute value. 2. Equal distances give \(|-14|=|14|\). 3. Being closer to zero means having a lesser absolute value, so \(|-5|<|-9|\). 4. Similarly, \(|2|<|-3|\).

Answer

a) \(|-14|=|14|\) b) \(|-5|<|-9|\) c) \(|2|<|-3|\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 16
Order \(-22\), \(17\), and \(-11\) by their distance from zero, beginning with the least distance. Write an inequality chain using absolute-value notation and \(<\).

Hints

- Find the absolute value of each number first. - Order the resulting distances from least to greatest. - Replace each distance with its original absolute-value expression.

Solution

1. The distances from zero are \(|-22|=22\), \(|17|=17\), and \(|-11|=11\). 2. Since \(11<17<22\), the required chain is \(|-11|<|17|<|-22|\).

Answer

\(|-11|<|17|<|-22|\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 17
Use the integers \(-12,7,-5,0,5,-8\). a) Order the integers from least to greatest using \(<\). b) Order the original integers by absolute value, beginning with the least absolute value.

Hints

- For part a), compare the numbers’ positions on a number line. - For part b), find each number’s distance from zero. - Two opposite numbers have equal absolute values.

Solution

1. Ordering the integers themselves gives \(-12<-8<-5<0<5<7\). 2. Their absolute values are \(12,7,5,0,5,8\), respectively. 3. Ordering by absolute value gives \(0,-5,5,7,-8,-12\). The positions of \(-5\) and \(5\) may be reversed because their absolute values are equal.

Answer

a) \(-12<-8<-5<0<5<7\) b) \(0,-5,5,7,-8,-12\); \(-5\) and \(5\) may appear in either order.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 18
For each pair of integers, identify which number lies farther left on a number line and which number has the greater distance from zero. a) \(-22\) and \(18\) b) \(-45\) and \(-50\) c) \(15\) and \(-5\)

Hints

- The lesser number lies farther left. - Absolute value gives distance from zero. - Position and distance answer different questions.

Solution

1. In part a), \(-22<18\), so \(-22\) lies farther left. Also, \(|-22|=22>|18|=18\), so \(-22\) has the greater distance from zero. 2. In part b), \(-50<-45\), so \(-50\) lies farther left. Also, \(|-50|=50>|-45|=45\), so \(-50\) has the greater distance from zero. 3. In part c), \(-5<15\), so \(-5\) lies farther left. However, \(|15|=15>|-5|=5\), so \(15\) has the greater distance from zero.

Answer

a) Farther left: \(-22\); greater distance: \(-22\) b) Farther left: \(-50\); greater distance: \(-50\) c) Farther left: \(-5\); greater distance: \(15\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 19
Replace each box with \(<\), \(>\), or \(=\) to make a true statement. a) \(-13\mathbin{\square}-15\) b) \(|-18|\mathbin{\square}|18|\) c) \(|-7|\mathbin{\square}6\) d) \(0\mathbin{\square}|-1|\)

Hints

- Evaluate each absolute value before comparing. - The open side of a comparison symbol faces the greater value. - Pay attention to whether a number is inside absolute-value bars.

Solution

1. Since \(-13\) lies to the right of \(-15\), \(-13>-15\). 2. Both \(|-18|\) and \(|18|\) equal \(18\), so they are equal. 3. Since \(|-7|=7\) and \(7>6\), \(|-7|>6\). 4. Since \(|-1|=1\) and \(0<1\), \(0<|-1|\).

Answer

a) \(>\) b) \(=\) c) \(>\) d) \(<\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 20
Which number is closer to zero, \(-8\) or \(-6\)? Write a comparison of their distances using absolute-value notation and \(<\).

Hints

- Find each number’s distance from zero. - Put the lesser distance first. - Use absolute-value bars to name the distances.

Solution

1. The distances from zero are \(|-8|=8\) and \(|-6|=6\). 2. Since \(6<8\), \(-6\) is closer to zero, and \(|-6|<|-8|\).

Answer

\(-6\) is closer to zero, and \(|-6|<|-8|\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 21
Find all integers whose absolute value is greater than \(7\) and less than or equal to \(11\).

Hints

- First list the possible absolute values. - Include the upper endpoint but not the lower endpoint. - For each positive distance, include both opposite integers.

Solution

1. The possible integer absolute values are \(8,9,10,11\). 2. Each positive absolute value corresponds to two opposite integers. 3. Therefore, the integers are \(-11,-10,-9,-8,8,9,10,11\).

Answer

\(-11,-10,-9,-8,8,9,10,11\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 22
a) Which integer has an absolute value less than \(1\)? b) Which integers have an absolute value greater than \(99\) and less than \(103\)?

Hints

- Absolute value is distance from zero. - Which whole-number distances lie strictly between \(99\) and \(103\)? - For each nonzero distance from zero, how many integer locations have that distance?

Solution

1. The only integer fewer than \(1\) unit from zero is \(0\). 2. The integer distances strictly between \(99\) and \(103\) are \(100\), \(101\), and \(102\). 3. Each positive distance corresponds to two integers, one on each side of zero. 4. Therefore, part b has the six solutions \(-102,-101,-100,100,101,102\).

Answer

a) \(0\) b) \(-102,-101,-100,100,101,102\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 23
Use the integers \(-34,12,-5,0,42,-17\). a) Write the absolute value of each integer in the given order. b) Order the original integers by absolute value, beginning with the least absolute value.

Hints

- Absolute value is distance from zero. - Order the distances before returning to the original integers. - Write the original integers, not their absolute values, in part b).

Solution

1. The absolute values are \(34,12,5,0,42,17\). 2. Ordering those distances gives \(0<5<12<17<34<42\). 3. The corresponding original integers are \(0,-5,12,-17,-34,42\).

Answer

a) \(34,12,5,0,42,17\) b) \(0,-5,12,-17,-34,42\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 24
Find all integers whose absolute value is greater than \(12\) and less than \(16\).

Hints

- List the possible whole-number distances first. - Each nonzero distance corresponds to a positive and a negative integer. - Neither endpoint is included.

Solution

1. The possible integer absolute values are \(13,14,15\). 2. Each positive absolute value corresponds to two opposite integers. 3. Therefore, the integers are \(-15,-14,-13,13,14,15\).

Answer

\(-15,-14,-13,13,14,15\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 25
Solve each integer riddle. a) Which number is its own opposite? b) Which two numbers have an absolute value of \(12\)? c) A number is to the left of zero on a number line and is exactly \(5\) units from \(2\). Find the number and its opposite.

Hints

- Picture the numbers on a number line. - Absolute value measures distance from zero. - For part c, count units left from \(2\) and use the condition that the number is left of zero.

Solution

1. Zero is its own opposite. 2. The two numbers \(-12\) and \(12\) are both \(12\) units from zero. 3. For part c, start at \(2\) and move \(5\) units left on the number line. After \(2\) units you reach \(0\); moving \(3\) more units left reaches \(-3\). Its opposite is \(3\).

Answer

a) \(0\) b) \(-12\) and \(12\) c) The number is \(-3\), and its opposite is \(3\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 26
Explain why the equation \(|x|=-5\) has no integer solution.

Hints

- Think of absolute value as a measured distance. - State what values an absolute value can have. - Compare that fact with the right side of the equation.

Solution

1. Absolute value represents distance from zero. 2. A distance is never negative, so \(|x|\ge0\) for every integer \(x\). 3. Therefore, \(|x|\) cannot equal \(-5\).

Answer

There is no integer solution because absolute value is always nonnegative, while \(-5\) is negative.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 27
Find the absolute values of \(24,-13,-35,7,-2,0,19\), and order the absolute values from least to greatest.

Hints

- Absolute value is distance from zero. - Find each absolute value before sorting. - Every absolute value is nonnegative.

Solution

1. The absolute values are \(24,13,35,7,2,0,19\). 2. From least to greatest, they are \(0<2<7<13<19<24<35\).

Answer

\(0,2,7,13,19,24,35\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 28
Which integers \(x\) satisfy \(2<|x|<5\)? List all of them and state their possible distances from zero.

Hints

- Interpret \(|x|\) as the distance of \(x\) from zero. - First determine which whole-number distances lie strictly between \(2\) and \(5\). - For each positive distance, consider both points that are that far from zero.

Solution

1. The condition \(2<|x|<5\) means the distance of \(x\) from zero is greater than \(2\) units but less than \(5\) units. 2. The possible integer distances are \(3\) and \(4\). 3. Each positive distance gives two opposite integers, so \(x=-4,-3,3,4\).

Answer

\(x=-4,-3,3,4\); the possible distances from zero are \(3\) and \(4\) units.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 29
Consider \(-5.4\), \(3.1\), \(0\), and \(-\frac{1}{2}\). 1. Find the opposite of each number. 2. Describe how a number and its opposite are positioned relative to \(0\) on a number line. 3. For each number and its opposite, what point is exactly halfway between the pair?

Hints

- Reverse a number's direction from zero to find its opposite. - Compare the two points' distances from \(0\). - Think about the line of symmetry for an opposite pair on a number line.

Solution

1. The opposites are \(5.4\), \(-3.1\), \(0\), and \(\frac{1}{2}\), respectively. 2. A nonzero number and its opposite are the same distance from \(0\) on opposite sides. Zero is its own opposite. 3. Because each opposite pair is symmetric about \(0\), the point halfway between every pair is \(0\). The pair \(0\) and \(0\) also has midpoint \(0\).

Answer

1. \(5.4\), \(-3.1\), \(0\), and \(\frac{1}{2}\) 2. They are the same distance from \(0\) and lie on opposite sides, unless the number is \(0\). 3. The halfway point is \(0\) for every pair.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 30
List all integers strictly between \(-6\) and \(2\). Which of those integers are farther from zero than \(2\) is?

Hints

- Do not include the endpoints. - Compare each integer’s absolute value with \(|2|\). - Look for distances greater than \(2\).

Solution

1. The integers strictly between the endpoints are \(-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1\). 2. The distance of \(2\) from zero is \(2\). 3. Among the listed integers, \(-5,-4,-3\) have absolute values greater than \(2\).

Answer

The integers are \(-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1\). Of these, \(-5,-4,-3\) are farther from zero than \(2\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 31
Let \(x\) be any rational number. Decide whether each statement is true or false, and briefly justify your answer. a) The opposite \(-x\) is always negative. b) A number and its opposite are always the same distance from \(0\) on a number line. c) The absolute value of a number can never equal \(0\).

Hints

- Test each statement with a positive number, a negative number, and \(0\). - Recall how opposite numbers are placed on a number line. - Interpret absolute value as distance from \(0\).

Solution

1. Statement a) is false. If \(x=-5\), then \(-x=5\), which is positive. If \(x=0\), then \(-x=0\). 2. Statement b) is true. If \(x\ne0\), the numbers \(x\) and \(-x\) lie on opposite sides of \(0\) at the same distance. If \(x=0\), they are the same point. In every case, \(|x|=|-x|\). 3. Statement c) is false. Absolute value is distance from \(0\), and \(|0|=0\).

Answer

a) False. For example, if \(x=-5\), then \(-x=5\). b) True. Opposite numbers have equal distance from \(0\). c) False. \(|0|=0\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 32
Quinn says, “\(-7\) is greater than \(3\) because \(\lvert-7\rvert\) is greater than \(\lvert3\rvert\).” Explain what Quinn has confused. Which number is actually greater?

Hints

- Ask whether the question concerns distance or position. - Negative numbers lie to the left of zero. - Which number lies farther to the right?

Solution

1. Absolute value compares distance from zero: \(7>3\). 2. Signed-number order compares positions on a number line, not distances alone. 3. The positive number \(3\) lies to the right of \(-7\), so \(3>-7\).

Answer

\(3\) is greater. Quinn has confused a larger distance from zero with a larger signed number.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 33
Let \(a=-7\) and \(b=3\). a) Find \(|a|\) and \(|b|\). b) Which number is closer to \(0\) on a number line? c) Find every number \(c\) whose absolute value is exactly halfway between \(|a|\) and \(|b|\).

Hints

- Absolute value is never negative. - The number with the smaller absolute value is closer to \(0\). - Find the value halfway between the two distances. - A positive absolute value corresponds to two opposite numbers.

Solution

1. \(|a|=|-7|=7\) and \(|b|=|3|=3\). 2. Since \(3<7\), the number \(b=3\) is closer to \(0\). 3. The value halfway between \(3\) and \(7\) is \(\frac{3+7}{2}=5\). The numbers with absolute value \(5\) are \(-5\) and \(5\).

Answer

a) \(|a|=7\) and \(|b|=3\) b) \(b=3\) c) \(-5\) and \(5\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 34
a) List all integers more than \(9\) units but less than \(12\) units from zero. b) List all integers at most \(2\) units from zero. c) How many different integers are less than \(6\) units from zero?

Hints

- Turn each statement into a distance from zero, ignoring direction at first. - 'At most' includes the boundary, while 'less than' does not. - Count zero once; positive distances usually give two positions.

Solution

1. The whole-number distances strictly between \(9\) and \(12\) are \(10\) and \(11\). Both signs are possible, giving \(-11,-10,10,11\). 2. At most \(2\) units includes zero and the two opposite pairs: \(-2,-1,0,1,2\). 3. Less than \(6\) units includes zero and five opposite pairs at distances \(1\) through \(5\). The count is \(1+5\times2=11\).

Answer

a) \(-11,-10,10,11\) b) \(-2,-1,0,1,2\) c) \(11\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 35
For each description, find the number, its absolute value, and its opposite. a) The number is \(-31\). b) The number is negative and has an absolute value of \(19\). c) The opposite of the number is \(50\). d) The number is \(7\) units to the right of zero on a number line.

Hints

- Organize each case by number, absolute value, and opposite. - Absolute value is distance from zero. - Opposites are the same distance from zero on different sides.

Solution

1. For \(-31\), the absolute value is \(31\), and the opposite is \(31\). 2. The negative number with absolute value \(19\) is \(-19\). Its opposite is \(19\). 3. If the opposite is \(50\), the original number is \(-50\). Its absolute value is \(50\). 4. Seven units to the right of zero is \(7\). Its absolute value is \(7\), and its opposite is \(-7\).

Answer

a) Number: \(-31\); absolute value: \(31\); opposite: \(31\) b) Number: \(-19\); absolute value: \(19\); opposite: \(19\) c) Number: \(-50\); absolute value: \(50\); opposite: \(50\) d) Number: \(7\); absolute value: \(7\); opposite: \(-7\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 36
Answer each question about integers. a) Which two different numbers have an absolute value of \(21\)? b) The opposite of \(x\) is \(-4\). Find \(x\) and \(|x|\). c) Is this statement true or false? Explain: “The absolute value of a number is never negative.” d) Give one number whose absolute value is less than \(|-3|\), but that is not the opposite of \(1\) or \(2\).

Hints

- A nonzero distance from zero corresponds to two opposite numbers. - Think about what taking an opposite does to a sign. - A distance cannot be negative.

Solution

1. The two numbers \(-21\) and \(21\) are both \(21\) units from zero. 2. If the opposite of \(x\) is \(-4\), then \(x=4\), and \(|x|=4\). 3. The statement is true because absolute value represents distance, and distance cannot be negative. 4. Since \(|-3|=3\), the number must have absolute value \(0\), \(1\), or \(2\). It cannot be \(-1\) or \(-2\), so \(0\), \(1\), or \(2\) works.

Answer

a) \(-21\) and \(21\) b) \(x=4\) and \(|x|=4\) c) True; absolute value is a distance and is therefore nonnegative. d) One possible answer is \(0\). Other possible answers are \(1\) and \(2\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 37
Use the set \(S=\{-22,14,-5,30,-35,9\}\). a) Which numbers have an absolute value greater than \(15\)? b) Order only the numbers from part a) from greatest to least.

Hints

- For part a), compare each number’s distance from zero with \(15\). - For part b), compare the original signed values, not their absolute values. - Among negative numbers, a number with greater absolute value is less.

Solution

1. The absolute values are \(22,14,5,30,35,9\). 2. The original numbers with absolute value greater than \(15\) are \(-22,30,-35\). 3. Ordering those numbers themselves from greatest to least gives \(30>-22>-35\).

Answer

a) \(-22,30,-35\) b) \(30>-22>-35\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 38
Use the set \(M=\{-14,9,-2,0,13,-17\}\). a) Order the numbers from least to greatest. b) Which number in \(M\) has the greatest absolute value? c) Which number in \(M\) has the least absolute value?

Hints

- Order the signed values separately from their absolute values. - Absolute value measures distance from zero. - Zero has the least possible absolute value.

Solution

1. Ordering the signed values gives \(-17<-14<-2<0<9<13\). 2. Their absolute values are \(14,9,2,0,13,17\). 3. The greatest absolute value is \(17\), which belongs to \(-17\). The least absolute value is \(0\), which belongs to \(0\).

Answer

a) \(-17<-14<-2<0<9<13\) b) \(-17\) c) \(0\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 39
Use the numbers \(-40,15,-15,8,-2,-38,20\). a) Order the numbers from greatest to least. b) Which numbers have an absolute value less than \(20\)?

Hints

- “Greatest to least” means descending order. - Check each number’s distance from zero for part b). - A value with absolute value exactly \(20\) does not qualify.

Solution

1. Ordering the signed values from greatest to least gives \(20>15>8>-2>-15>-38>-40\). 2. The absolute values are \(40,15,15,8,2,38,20\). 3. The numbers with absolute value strictly less than \(20\) are \(15,-15,8,-2\).

Answer

a) \(20>15>8>-2>-15>-38>-40\) b) \(15,-15,8,-2\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 40
Use the numbers \(-9,14,-21,0,-14,5,-2\). a) Which two numbers have the same absolute value? b) Order all the original numbers by absolute value, beginning with the least absolute value.

Hints

- Opposite numbers have equal absolute values. - Write each absolute value before ordering. - Tied absolute values can appear in either order.

Solution

1. The absolute values are \(9,14,21,0,14,5,2\). 2. The numbers \(14\) and \(-14\) have the same absolute value. 3. Ordering the original numbers by absolute value gives \(0,-2,5,-9,14,-14,-21\). The positions of \(14\) and \(-14\) may be reversed.

Answer

a) \(14\) and \(-14\) b) \(0,-2,5,-9,14,-14,-21\); \(14\) and \(-14\) may appear in either order.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 41
Find all integers that meet both conditions: 1. They lie strictly between \(-5000\) and \(5000\). 2. Their absolute value is greater than \(4997\).

Hints

- First identify integers whose distance from zero exceeds \(4997\). - “Strictly between” excludes both endpoints. - Check the candidates against both conditions.

Solution

1. The integers with absolute value greater than \(4997\) near the interval endpoints include \(-5000,-4999,-4998\) and \(4998,4999,5000\). 2. Because the integers must lie strictly between \(-5000\) and \(5000\), both endpoints are excluded. 3. The remaining integers are \(-4999,-4998,4998,4999\).

Answer

\(-4999,-4998,4998,4999\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 42
Let \(x\) be any integer. a) For which integers does \(|x|=x\)? b) Explain why no integer satisfies \(|x|<x\).

Hints

- Test a positive integer, a negative integer, and zero. - Interpret absolute value as distance from zero. - Compare the cases \(x\ge0\) and \(x<0\).

Solution

1. If \(x\ge0\), its distance from zero equals its value, so \(|x|=x\). 2. If \(x<0\), then \(|x|\) is positive while \(x\) is negative, so \(|x|>x\). 3. Thus, \(|x|\) is either equal to or greater than \(x\), and it can never be less than \(x\).

Answer

a) All nonnegative integers, so \(x\ge0\) b) For \(x\ge0\), \(|x|=x\). For \(x<0\), \(|x|>x\). Therefore, \(|x|<x\) has no integer solutions.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 43
Use the numbers \(-12,5,-8,2,-1,10\). a) Which number has the least absolute value? b) Which number has the greatest absolute value? c) Order the absolute-value expressions from least to greatest using \(<\).

Hints

- Find every number’s distance from zero. - The least distance identifies part a). - Keep absolute-value notation in the inequality chain.

Solution

1. The absolute values are \(12,5,8,2,1,10\). 2. The least absolute value is \(1\), which belongs to \(-1\). The greatest is \(12\), which belongs to \(-12\). 3. The ordered expressions are \(|-1|<|2|<|5|<|-8|<|10|<|-12|\).

Answer

a) \(-1\) b) \(-12\) c) \(|-1|<|2|<|5|<|-8|<|10|<|-12|\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 44
Decide whether each statement about integers is true or false. Briefly justify each answer. a) The absolute value of an integer is always a whole number. b) A number and its opposite are the same distance from \(0\) but on opposite sides of \(0\), unless the number is \(0\). c) The absolute value of a number is always greater than the number.

Hints

- Interpret absolute value as distance from zero. - Think about the geometric positions of a number and its opposite. - Test an “always” statement with zero and a positive number as well as a negative number.

Solution

1. Statement a) is true. Absolute value is distance from zero, so the absolute value of an integer is a nonnegative integer. 2. Statement b) is true. Opposite nonzero numbers lie the same distance from zero in opposite directions, and zero is its own opposite. 3. Statement c) is false. For positive numbers and zero, the absolute value equals the number, such as \(|5|=5\).

Answer

a) True; an integer's absolute value is a nonnegative integer. b) True; opposite numbers have equal distance from zero and opposite directions, with \(0\) as its own opposite. c) False; for example, \(|5|=5\), not a greater value.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 45
Use the numbers \(-14,9,-6,11,-3,2\). a) Which numbers are more than \(10\) units from zero? b) Order all the numbers from least to greatest using \(<\). c) Which given number is closest to zero?

Hints

- A number’s distance from zero is its absolute value. - For ordering, picture the numbers from left to right on a number line. - For part c, compare the absolute values and choose the smallest distance.

Solution

1. The distances from zero are the absolute values. Since \(\lvert-14\rvert=14\) and \(\lvert11\rvert=11\), the numbers more than \(10\) units from zero are \(-14\) and \(11\). 2. From least to greatest, the numbers are \(-14<-6<-3<2<9<11\). 3. Compare the distances from zero: \(14,9,6,11,3,2\). The smallest is \(2\), so \(2\) is closest to zero.

Answer

a) \(-14\) and \(11\) b) \(-14<-6<-3<2<9<11\) c) \(2\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 46
Two numbers \(p\) and \(q\) are opposites. 1. The distance between \(p\) and \(q\) is \(15\) units. List all possible ordered pairs \((p, q)\). 2. A number \(r\) is exactly halfway between any number \(x\) and its opposite \(-x\). What is \(r\)? 3. Find the opposite of the opposite of \(-8.3\).

Hints

- Split the total distance equally on both sides of \(0\). - Opposite numbers have \(0\) as their midpoint. - Apply the opposite operation one step at a time.

Solution

1. Opposite numbers are the same distance from \(0\). Each is \(15\div2=7.5\) units from \(0\). The ordered pairs are \((7.5, -7.5)\) and \((-7.5, 7.5)\). 2. The midpoint of opposite numbers is always \(0\), so \(r=0\). 3. The opposite of \(-8.3\) is \(8.3\), and the opposite of \(8.3\) is \(-8.3\).

Answer

1. \((7.5, -7.5)\) and \((-7.5, 7.5)\) 2. \(r=0\) 3. \(-8.3\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 47
Answer each question about integers on a number line. 1. List all integers \(x\) that satisfy \(|x|<5\). 2. Describe all integers \(x\) that satisfy \(|x|>12\). 3. Mamadou says, “The farther a number is from zero, the greater its absolute value.” Is Mamadou's statement true or false? Explain.

Hints

- Picture equal distances extending in both directions from zero. - For \(|x|>12\), look beyond both \(-12\) and \(12\). - Use the definition of absolute value for the explanation.

Solution

1. The integers fewer than \(5\) units from zero are \(-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4\). 2. Being more than \(12\) units from zero means \(x\le-13\) or \(x\ge13\). 3. Mamadou's statement is true because absolute value is defined as distance from zero.

Answer

1. \(-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4\) 2. \(x\le-13\) or \(x\ge13\) 3. True; absolute value measures distance from zero.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 48
The number line shows three integers marked \(X\), \(Y\), and \(Z\). 1. Identify the integer represented by each letter. 2. Find each integer's distance from \(0\), or absolute value.
Figure for problem 531782

Hints

- Determine the value represented by one small tick interval. - Values left of zero are negative, and values right of zero are positive. - Count from a nearby labeled tick to each marker. - Absolute value is the distance from zero and is never negative.

Solution

1. There are \(5\) equal intervals between consecutive labeled multiples of \(10\), so each small interval represents \(2\). 2. Point \(X\) is at \(-24\), point \(Y\) is at \(-8\), and point \(Z\) is at \(16\). 3. Their distances from zero are \(|-24|=24\), \(|-8|=8\), and \(|16|=16\).

Answer

1. \(X=-24\), \(Y=-8\), and \(Z=16\) 2. \(|X|=24\), \(|Y|=8\), and \(|Z|=16\)
Opposite signs and distance from zero 49
Use the number line to answer the questions. a) Which integers are represented by \(A\), \(B\), and \(C\)? b) Which marked integer is farthest from zero?
Figure for problem 535197

Hints

- Values left of zero are negative. - A number's distance from zero is its absolute value.

Solution

1. Each small tick interval represents \(1\). The marked coordinates are \(A=-17\), \(B=-8\), and \(C=4\). 2. Their distances from zero are \(|-17|=17\), \(|-8|=8\), and \(|4|=4\). 3. Since \(17\) is greatest, \(A=-17\) is farthest from zero.

Answer

a) \(A=-17\), \(B=-8\), \(C=4\) b) \(A=-17\) is farthest from zero.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 50
Sipho claims, “If \(|a|\) is twice \(|b|\), then \(a\) must be greater than \(b\).” Disprove the claim with a counterexample using specific integers. Give both absolute values and compare \(a\) and \(b\).

Hints

- A counterexample must satisfy the absolute-value condition but make the conclusion \(a>b\) false. - Remember that absolute value describes distance from zero, not which side of zero a number lies on. - Try choosing signs independently from the absolute-value sizes.

Solution

1. Choose \(a=-10\) and \(b=5\). 2. Then \(|a|=10\) and \(|b|=5\), so \(|a|=2|b|\). 3. However, \(-10<5\), so \(a<b\). This counterexample disproves the claim.

Answer

One counterexample is \(a=-10\) and \(b=5\). Then \(|a|=10=2\times5=2|b|\), but \(a<b\) because \(-10<5\).
Opposite signs and distance from zero 51
Leon says, “To find the opposite of a number, just remove its sign.” Sophie disagrees: “Removing a leading negative sign gives the absolute value of a negative number, but it is not a general rule for finding opposites.” Decide who is correct. Test Leon’s rule using \(+7\), \(-12\), and \(0\). Then explain how to find a number’s opposite and its absolute value.

Hints

- Find the opposite and absolute value of each example separately. - Compare what happens to positive and negative signs. - Remember that \(0\) is its own opposite.

Solution

1. For \(+7\), removing the plus sign leaves \(7\), but the opposite is \(-7\). Leon’s rule fails. 2. For \(-12\), removing the negative sign gives \(12\), which happens to be both the opposite and the absolute value of \(-12\). 3. The opposite of \(0\) is \(0\), and \(|0|=0\). 4. To find an opposite, change the sign, except that \(0\) remains \(0\). Absolute value is distance from zero and is never negative.

Answer

Sophie is correct. The opposite is found by changing a number’s sign, with \(0\) as its own opposite. Absolute value is the number’s distance from zero. Removing a negative sign gives the absolute value only when the number is written as negative.
Opposite signs and distance from zero 52
Explore how numbers and absolute values are related. a) Maia claims, “If \(a<b\), then \(|a|<|b|\).” Give an integer counterexample. b) Suppose \(a\) and \(b\) are negative integers with \(a<b<0\). Which has the greater absolute value? Explain using a number line. c) Two different numbers have the same absolute value. Describe their positions relative to zero on a number line.

Hints

- For part a), the counterexample must satisfy \(a<b\) while making the absolute-value comparison fail. - Use distance from zero, not ordinary numerical order, when comparing absolute values. - Equal absolute values correspond to equal distances from zero.

Solution

1. For example, let \(a=-10\) and \(b=2\). Then \(-10<2\), but \(|-10|=10>|2|=2\), so the claim is false. 2. Because \(a<b<0\), \(a\) lies farther left and therefore farther from zero. Thus, \(|a|>|b|\). 3. Two different numbers with equal absolute value lie on opposite sides of zero at equal distances. They are opposites.

Answer

a) One counterexample is \(a=-10\), \(b=2\): \(a<b\), but \(|a|>|b|\). b) \(a\) has the greater absolute value because it lies farther from zero. c) The points are symmetric about zero.

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